COPD Treatment

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If you are diagnosed with COPD, your healthcare provider will determine your treatment plan based on your symptoms and whether you have mild or severe COPD.

Medicines to treat COPD symptoms include bronchodilators and steroids or nonsteroid medicines that reduce inflammation . A new add-on medicine approved in 2024 may help to control your disease. Your healthcare provider may prescribe an inhaler for you to always carry. Inhalers allow the medicine to go straight to your lungs.

Many people have problems putting medicine in their inhaler, using the right inhalation technique, or cleaning the inhaler properly. Not all inhalers are used the same way. Make sure you are using your inhaler the right way, so you get the right amount of medicine. Ask your provider to show you the correct way to use your inhaler.

• If your COPD is mild and you don’t have symptoms often, your provider may prescribe a short-acting bronchodilator that you take only when you have symptoms. Bronchodilators relax the muscles around your airways, opening them up to help make breathing easier. Short-acting bronchodilators last about 4 to 6 hours.
• If your COPD is moderate or severe, you may need long-acting bronchodilators that last about 12 hours or more or an anti-inflammatory. You take these every day. A new medication approved in 2024 combines a bronchodilator with a medicine that reduces inflammation (nonsteroid). The medication also helps the body clear mucus.
• If your COPD is severe or your symptoms flare up often, your provider may prescribe a combination of bronchodilators along with an inhaled steroid. Steroids help reduce the inflammation or swelling in your airways that makes it hard to breathe. If a combination of inhaled medicines does not help, an add-on medication, which is used in people with asthma and was approved in 2024 for COPD, may improve your breathing. Antibiotics may be used to treat flare-ups caused by an infection. Be sure to discuss a plan with your provider for treating a flare-up, including any special medicine you might need.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a supervised program that includes exercise training, health education, and breathing techniques for people who have certain lung conditions or have had a lung transplant. Your provider may talk to you about pulmonary rehabilitation to help you breathe easier and improve your quality of life. Some people find it helpful to do a rehabilitation program using the phone, the web, or a mobile app., This way, they can get treatment even if it’s hard to get to a rehabilitation center. Learn more about pulmonary rehabilitation.

Oxygen  therapy is a treatment that delivers oxygen for you to breathe. If you qualify for oxygen therapy, you will receive it from tubes resting in your nose or from a face mask. You may need oxygen therapy if you have a condition that causes your blood oxygen levels to be too low.

Oxygen therapy can be given for a short or long period of time in the hospital, in another medical setting, or at home. Oxygen poses a fire risk, so you should never smoke or use flammable materials when using oxygen. You may experience side effects from this treatment, such as a dry or bloody nose, tiredness, and morning headaches. Oxygen therapy is generally safe.

Surgery may benefit some people who have COPD. It usually is an option only when serious symptoms have not improved with medicines.

• Bullectomy removes one or more very large bullae from the lungs. Bullae are larger air spaces that form when the walls of the air sacs are destroyed. These air spaces can become so large that they interfere with breathing.
• Stents, or small mesh tubes, can help release air trapped in the lungs or keep airways open.
• One-way endobronchial valves can be implanted in one of your bronchial tubes . These valves allow air to exit the damaged or diseased parts of the lung, but not reenter.
• Lung volume reduction surgery removes damaged tissue from the lungs and helps the lungs work better.

A lung transplant is surgery to remove a diseased lung and replace it with a healthy lung. Lung transplants are used to improve quality of life and extend the lifespan for people who have severe or advanced chronic lung conditions that do not respond to other treatments.

During a lung transplant, you will be given general anesthesia and will not be awake for the surgery. A surgeon will open your chest, cut the main airway and blood vessels, and remove your diseased lung. The surgeon will connect the healthy donor lung, reconnect the blood vessels, and close your chest. After the surgery, you will recover in the hospital for 1 to 3 weeks. After leaving the hospital, you will visit your healthcare provider often to make sure that you are recovering well.

To help prevent your body from rejecting the new lung, you will need to take medicines that suppress your immune system for the rest of your life. Practicing good hygiene, getting annual vaccines, and adopting healthy lifestyle choices such as heart-healthy eating and not smoking are also very important.