NHLBI's COVID-19 Research Strategy

Those with underlying health conditions, such as chronic lung disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and sickle cell disease, appear to be at higher risk for severe COVID-19–associated disease.

NHLBI’s research response to the COVID-19 crisis has been a rapid, collaborative, and strategic effort.

October 2024

• An NHLBI-funded study found that infection from the first wave of COVID-19 increased the risk of heart attack and stroke among unvaccinated people.

August 2024

• An NIH-funded study found that routine lab tests are not a reliable way to diagnose long COVID.

July 2024

• An NIH-funded NIH Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (NIH RECOVER) study found nearly one in 10 people who get COVID while pregnant will go on to develop long COVID.
• Reinfections from the virus that causes COVID-19 are likely to be just as severe as the original infection, NHLBI’s David C. Goff and NIH-funded RECOVER researchers found.

April 2024

• The NIH RECOVER Initiative released data to researchers through BioData Catalyst from over 14,000 adults who participate in NIH Long COVID research.
• An NIH-funded study found SARS-COV-2 infection does not increase the risk of asthma development in children.

May 2023

• An NIH-funded RECOVER study developed a new symptom scoring system that will improve future Long COVID treatments.

February 2023

• An NIH-funded RECOVER study identified potential long COVID disparities.
• NHLBI-funded researchers found lingering symptoms are common after COVID hospitalization.
• Leaders from NIH and partner organizations outlined NIH’s COVID-19 research response in a policy forum in the journal Science.

January 2023

• NHLBI-funded researchers found COVID-19 vaccinations appeared safe for children and adolescents following multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).

December 2022

• Two studies partially supported by NHLBI found that people with Long COVID have often reported taking longer to return to normal activities, including exercise.
• Researchers partially supported by NHLBI found a slight increase in the number of people who have experienced postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) following COVID-19 vaccination.

November 2022

• Two NHLBI-supported studies found that mild to moderate symptoms after a COVID-19 vaccine are normal and signal the body is learning how to respond to each virus.
• NHLBI-supported scientists found that adults with hypertension saw a small, but consequential, rise in their blood pressure levels during the first eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

September 2022

• Researchers supported by NHLBI and the RECOVER program found the long-term effects of COVID-19 appear uncommon in children.

June 2022

• A study supported in part by NHLBI’s HIV/AIDS research program found that breakthrough COVID infections are rare, but more common among people living with HIV/AIDS.

February 2022

• Scientists including NIH researchers pinpointed mechanisms associated with severe COVID-19 blood clotting.
• NHLBI-funded researchers found COVID-19 and related stress can also be blamed for an increase in blood pressure among Americans.

January 2022

• NHLBI publishes the 2021 report on the impact of COVID-19 on heart, lung, and blood systems as part of our annual report Advancing Heart, Lung, Blood, and Sleep Research.

December 2021

• W. Keith Hoots, M.D., former director of NHLBI’s Division of Blood Disorders and Resources (DBDR), shared insight into how treatments that break up and prevent blood clots are helping adults recover from COVID-19. These treatment strategies are part of ongoing research supported by the National Institutes of Health’s Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) network.
• Yogen Kanthi, M.D., head of the NHLBI Laboratory of Vascular Thrombosis and Inflammation, shared his insights into causes of severe blood clotting in some people with COVID-19 and whether personalized treatments stop these mechanisms and speed up recovery.

October 2021

• NHLBI Director Dr. Gary Gibbons and NIMHD Director Dr. Eliseo Perez-Stable were announced as winners for the 2021 Samuel J. Heyman Service to America Medals (Sammies) in the COVID-19 Response category.

September 2021

• The NIH awarded nearly $470 million to support research as part of the RECOVER initiative, which is co-chaired by the NHLBI, to better understand the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

August 2021

• Results from a worldwide NHLBI clinical trial found full-dose blood thinners are effective at treating people who are hospitalized with moderate COVID-19, but not those who are seriously ill and require intensive care. Read the news release.

July 2021

• On July 26, 2021, the federal government released guidance that people with PASC and Long COVID can be protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act.
• Researchers discovered a pathway that may explain why some children and adolescents develop MIS-C. A clinical trial funded in part by the NHLBI is now underway using the medicine larazotide, which is in late-stage clinical trials for celiac disease.

June 2021

• Results from the NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study (REDS) Program, which studies the nation’s blood supply to ensure its safety and availability, found that U.S. blood donations are safe under current COVID-19 screening guidelines.

April 2021

• The NIH awarded $29 million in additional grants for 10 more CEAL research teams and additional funding for the 11 existing CEAL research teams. These funds aim to strengthen COVID-19 vaccine confidence and access to treatment and testing.

March 2021

• The NHLBI halted the trial of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in patients with mild to moderate symptoms, after the study found that the treatment is safe but provides no significant benefit to these patients. Read the final results of the study.
• The NHLBI, as part of a trans-NIH effort, announced a research initiative to understand how SARS-CoV-2 affects children, called Collaboration to Assess Risk and Identify Long-term Outcomes for Children with COVID (CARING for Children with COVID). The research program funds studies, including the NHLBI’s MUSIC study, to find out why some children are at greater risk for infection than others, why symptoms vary among children who are infected, why some children have more severe illness than others (like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, or MIS-C), and what the long-term outcomes are for children who have become infected with SARS-CoV-2.

February 2021

• The NHLBI began supporting research around the trans-NIH initiative called Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) to study post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). The RECOVER initiative, which includes the study of “Long COVID,” aims to understand why some patients continue to experience symptoms, or even develop new symptoms, long after SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to have ended, as well as to identify potential treatments.

October 2020

• The NHLBI announced the Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) study, to leverage NHLBI’s ongoing population-based studies to examine long-term outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as factors that affect risk and resilience to severe illness.
• The NHLBI also funded a five-year study to understand a rare pediatric disease associated with COVID-19, called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The study, called Long-TerM OUtcomes After the Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MUSIC), is conducted in partnership with the Pediatric Heart Network and is focusing on cardiovascular complications of MIS-C.

September 2020

• The NIH Community Engagement Alliance (CEAL) Against COVID-19 Disparities launched. The NHLBI co-leads CEAL with the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD). NIH announced a $12 million award for outreach and engagement efforts in ethnically and racially diverse communities hardest hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The award to RTI International, a non-profit research institution, supports research teams working with community partners in 11 states.

June 2020

• Based on an interim analysis, the NHLBI halted the ORCHID clinical trial. The trial found that while the drug hydroxychloroquine did not cause harm, it was not beneficial to hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
• The NHLBI launched the Collaborating Network of Networks for Evaluating COVID-19 and Therapeutic Strategies (CONNECTS). The goal of CONNECTS is to build on NHLBI’s existing clinical research networks across the nation and around the world to better understand the risk of severe illness from COVID-19 and to identify therapies that will slow or halt the disease progression and speed recovery.
• As part of CONNECTS, the NHLBI launched ACTIV-4 Antithrombotics, a series of adaptive clinical trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of varying doses of blood thinners to treat adults diagnosed with COVID-19. The trials involve several categories of patients — those who do not need hospitalization, those currently hospitalized, and those discharged after hospitalization for moderate to severe disease.

April 2020

• On April 9, the first patient was enrolled in an NHLBI-supported clinical trial related to COVID-19, called ORCHID, designed to test the effectiveness of the malaria drug hydroxychloroquine.
• NIH launched its trans-NIH Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutics Interventions and Vaccines (ACTIV) initiative, which was created to prioritize the development of new therapeutics and vaccines to address the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of this initiative, the NHLBI issued a funding opportunity announcement to bring together existing clinical trial networks focused on heart, lung, and blood disease into a united "network of networks" to focus on COVID-19.
• NIH launched the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) initiative, through which NHLBI supports four funding opportunities to improve COVID-19 testing in underserved and vulnerable populations (RADx Underserved Populations, RADx-UP).

March 2020

• Congress passed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, authorizing $103.4 million for the NHLBI to conduct and fund COVID-19 research.
• On March 17, the NHLBI put out our first COVID-19 notice of special interest (NOSI), which called for investigators with active NHLBI grants to propose COVID-related research ranging from preclinical to clinical studies.

February 2020

• The scientific community began to recognize the systemic and multi-organ nature of COVID-19, including the extensive involvement of the heart, lung, and blood systems.
• By February, the NHLBI formed a COVID-19 response team. The NHLBI immediately began developing a research strategy, which included a process to solicit, review, and fund an initial set of clinical trials to evaluate therapies for people who become ill from COVID-19.

What’s Next

We continue to develop new initiatives and funding opportunities, and share our findings as part of our ongoing research response strategy.