Framingham Heart Study (FHS)
What is the goal of the FHS?
The NHLBI has a long history of supporting large population and epidemiology studies that have transformed the way the public approaches heart disease. These studies involve studying the health of various populations to uncover patterns, trends, and outcomes that may be applicable to the general population. When it launched in 1948 the original goal of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) was to identify common factors or characteristics that contribute to cardiovascular disease. Over the years, the FHS has become a successful, multigenerational study that analyzes family patterns of cardiovascular and other diseases, while gathering more genetic information from the two generations that followed the original study participants. The FHS also has expanded to include diverse populations so that risk factors in these different groups can be understood.
AT A GLANCE
- The FHS had over 15,000 people from three generations, including the original participants, their children, and their grandchildren at the start of each cohort.
- FHS findings have informed the understanding of how cardiovascular health affects the rest of the body.
- The study found high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol to be major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
- In the past half century, the study has produced approximately 6,000 articles in leading medical journals.
- Data and biologic resources from the study are available for researchers to use, which continue to spur new scientific discoveries.
What are the key findings of the FHS?
This research has contributed transformative discoveries related to the treatment of heart disease. Through the FHS, scientists have learned the risk factors for heart disease, and they now know that many of those risks can be changed. It is why, in routine physicals, doctors check for high blood pressure, high cholesterol, unhealthy eating patterns, smoking, physical inactivity, or unhealthy weight. Researchers also know that these conditions can affect people differently depending on a patient’s sex or race. Findings such as these pave the way for new interventions to preempt, prevent, or treat these conditions more effectively.
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Framingham Heart Study (FHS)
How is the FHS conducted?
When the FHS began in 1948, researchers recruited 5,209 men and women between the ages of 30 and 62 from the town of Framingham, Massachusetts. This was for the first round of extensive physical examinations and lifestyle interviews they would later analyze for common patterns related to cardiovascular disease development. Since then, the participants have continued to return to the study approximately every two to six years to give researchers a detailed medical history and to get physical exams and laboratory tests done. In 1971, the study enrolled a second generation—5,124 of the original participants' adult children and their spouses—to participate in similar examinations. In April 2002, the study entered a new phase: the enrollment of a third generation of participants, the grandchildren of the original cohort.
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Framingham Heart Study (FHS)
FEATURE
The Framingham Heart Study marked its 75th anniversary in 2023. Findings from the study over three generations of participants have changed how Americans and their doctors view heart disease and how to prevent, predict, and treat it. The study has expanded its research activities to other disease domain areas such as stroke, dementia, and impaired cognitive function. More recently, the study has investigated the impact of gut microbes on human health and leveraged new genetic, omics, emerging imaging, and machine learning/artificial intelligence tools to enhance our understanding of cardiovascular physiology through its deeply phenotyped participants and the multitude of mechanistic studies.